Biologicals: educational needs in APLAR countries

Access to biologicals in Crohn’s disease in ten European countries

AIM To analyze access (availability, affordability and acceptability) to biologicals for Crohn's disease (CD) in ten European countries and to explore the associations between these dimensions, the uptake of biologicals and economic development. METHODS A questionnaire-based survey combined with desk research was carried out in May 2016. Gastroenterologists from the Czech Republic, France, Ge...

Cross-cultural validation of the Educational Needs Assessment Tool in RA in 7 European countries

BACKGROUND The Educational Needs Assessment Tool (the ENAT) is a 39-item patient questionnaire originally developed in the UK to assess educational needs of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The objective of this study was to assess the cross-cultural validity of the ENAT in 7 European countries. METHODS The ENAT was translated into Dutch, Finnish, Norwegian, Portuguese, Spanish and Sw...

Civil Servants' Educational Needs in the Field of E-Governance in CIS Countries

Successful and effective e-governance development is impossible without adequate civil servants’ qualification. E-Governance development in Commonwealth of Independent State (CIS) countries faces a lot of common hurdles, and the problem of insufficient civil servants’ skills in the field of egovernance is among the top of these issues. The article represents the results of several researches de...

Biologicals

Biological agents are currently a very important option for refractory autoimmune diseases [1]. From about ten years to now, several drugs are available to the clinical practice, mainly, in the rheumatology one. The main biological agents are antitumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) medications, however there are other important drugs such as rituximab, which blocks lymphocyte B CD20, tocilizumab t...

The Educational Needs of Democracy